You need:

• • Incident wavelength \( \lambda_0 \) (in nm)
• • Raman shift \( \Delta \tilde{\nu} \) (in cm⁻¹)

Use:

Because most molecules are in the ground vibrational state.

• • Stokes scattering:
  • • Starts from ground state
  • • Large population
  • • Strong signal

Temperature does NOT significantly change bond strength, reduced mass, or molecular structure.

No.

It describes how many particles occupy a higher energy state at temperature T.